Russia's Relationship With Africa After the War in Ukraine

What Moscow's attempting to achieve with the African states is extremely transactional in nature. The underlying normative basis in which African countries base their relations with Moscow, I would argue, is not as fully fleshed out or substantiated as it is with Washington or the European Union. It will be quite interesting to see whether there is indeed any reflection or pushback or reference made by African leaders to the declaration of the 2019 Sochi Summits. If they don't, many African states run the risk of being seen as somewhat passive or secondary agents in this new relationship with Moscow.