Intro

Stephen Torrence joins Vince Fakhoury Horn to share his experience teaching generative AI in Bhutan and explore the audacious vision behind the Gelephu Mindfulness City — a million-person city being built by Bhutan's King to prove that mindfulness, technology, and economic development can coexist.

💬 Transcript

Vince Horn: All right, Stephen Torrence, great to see you, my friend. Good to be here chatting with you.

Stephen Torrence: Good to see you too, man.

Vince Horn: Yeah, yeah. So I understand you’re in Bali right now in Asia. Well, I guess, is Bali considered Asia? Technically it is, isn’t it?

Stephen Torrence: I suppose so. Yeah. It’s this little island in the midst of an archipelago of Indonesia, and I consider it to be like a gateway to most of Asia at this point. You know, close to, yeah. Close to many amazing places.

Vince Horn: It’s a digital nomad hotspot, I know from recent years, seeing how many folks that I’ve met or that I know who kind of come in and out of Bali.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah, and it’s really exploded in that regard in the last like five to ten years. It’s a nice sweet spot between affordable, good weather, and just a lot of interesting people looping through here.

I find it to be a nice place to rest my winks on the way to other places.

Vince Horn: And you have been flying around a lot. I know. Well, I wanna share a little background and getting to your background, but up until recently, I know you were in Bhutan, and that’s a lot of what I wanted to chat with you today about your experience. Yeah, man, working in the sort of Bhutanese system and with the Bhutanese Dharma folks. But before we do go to Bhutan, I have to go to Asheville, which is where I first met you, in Western North Carolina. I think it was a few years ago. I think it was around that time that you were living with a mutual friend of ours, Daniel Thorson, in this sort of little contemplative startup house.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. I think we called it a Dharma house. We wanted to give the Dharma house a moniker. A Dharma house, yeah. Bring it together like, sure. Beech from Peter Park also. A bunch of us there met at the Monastic Academy, you know, all of us there met at Maple, you know. We’re all ex-monastics, I don’t know, ex-monks or graduates, however you want to put it. “Excons” is probably how ex-monastics would feel about it, probably. That’s hilarious. But we formed really deep bonds there, and we knew at least we could take care of our households, you know, do the dishes without much strife. And it was a wonderful place and great to run into you there.

Vince Horn: Yeah. I didn’t even know until that point that you were living there.

Stephen Torrence: So.

Vince Horn: Right. That was our first chance to meet in person. And I remember you were familiar with Buddhist Geeks, so we had that to kind of connect on, which makes it a lot easier. If you ever want to meet new friends, start a podcast. Then have them listen to all the episodes and sort of prime them for friendships.

Stephen Torrence: Get that parasocial friendship going already. Yeah, yeah. They’re gonna see you for the first time and just start unloading all these secrets because they feel like they know you.

Vince Horn: But anyway. Yeah, no, it was really nice to meet and connect over dinner. I think that was like the first group dinner I was invited to at the house.

Stephen Torrence: I feel yeah, man. Kinda like an honorary founder.

Vince Horn: Oh yeah. You were certainly there at the inception of it. And you injected some really good conversation and different realms. I don’t think we could publicly talk about all the things we talked about there.

Stephen Torrence: Oh, that’s true. The world’s not quite ready.

Vince Horn: Yeah. Just talking about what exactly. All right, Stephen, let’s steer this back toward what is socially acceptable to discuss.

Stephen Torrence: No, I mean, it’s good backdrop. It’s a good backdrop though, ‘cause that is how we met and we were geeking out on a lot of really esoteric, nerdy things that first evening.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. And I think it’s just so part and parcel of whatever this network subculture, whatever you want to call it, is that we’re all somehow part of it. It feels like there’s maybe like five thousand of us, you know, globally or something. Like the network is right, pretty dang small. And at one point or another we’ve either lived together or been on each other’s shows or been on a retreat together. Yeah. But on retreat together.

Yeah, yeah. I keep finding out many years later that I’ve been in the same sangha as folks that were in the same companies as my friends. And it feels kind of nice. Like it’s some meta sangha that’s just sort of forming itself and coherent itself. And we don’t need to do something intentional to bring it together, which feels nice.

Vince Horn: Yeah. The nerdery is connecting us. Stephen, before you moved into the Monastic Academy and were practicing there, obviously before we met, did you have a technical background? I seem to remember that you were working maybe in a technical space.

Stephen Torrence: That’s true. I grew up in Austin, Texas, and my dad is in semiconductors still. He’s almost retired, but he’s basically for my whole life been building computer chips. And so we had a computer from when I was pretty young. And I like to say that the internet raised me as much as my mom.

Vince Horn: I’m sure she loves hearing that too.

Stephen Torrence: She did her best. But I’m sorry, video games are really compelling, and you know, yeah, it’s true. A vast and generous space, or at least it was when I was younger. So I grew up with a lot of technical proficiency. Then in college, I went to philosophy school and that’s when I was first exposed to Buddhism, but nothing really stuck in terms of livelihood for me other than tech. I worked at Apple for a little bit and kind of in the startup scene in Austin. It’s still kind of the way that I’m earning most of my living now, doing AI consulting and building robots. Automating a lot of the boring stuff within enterprises. And it frees me up to travel and dedicate time to the path. That’s kind of the journey I’ve been on for the last ten years or so.

Vince Horn: Yeah. Okay. Cool. Well, I’m excited to dive more into it ‘cause I remember maybe a year ago or so you had since moved on from the Dharma House and you were living somewhere else. And I ran into this YouTube video that got me very excited about Bhutan. And somehow I found out, I think because I was sharing something online, you reached out to me like, “Dude, I’m super into this. I’ve been like, blue pilled or green pilled or Bhutan pilled or whatever it is, like a while ago.”

Stephen Torrence: Or orange, yellow pill. I’ve been dragon pilled.

Vince Horn: Dragon pilled. I’ve been dragon pilled. You heard it here first folks.

Vince Horn: And you’re like, at the time you’re like, “I’m probably gonna be moving to Bhutan. It’s very likely I’m heading in that direction.” I was like, wow, okay. I’m a far cry from moving to Bhutan, but I think this is really exciting and interesting project. Maybe we could start by telling people what the Gelephu Mindfulness City is for those who aren’t familiar.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. Bhutan is trying to build a mindfulness city. That’s the TLDR. A giant mindfulness city. It’s remarkable. Like when I first heard about this from my friend Aaron Stryker, who runs the nonprofit Dharma Gates—they’re great—he had attended a big gathering that Bhutan hosted about a year ago this time, almost exactly. Called the Bhutan Innovation Forum. And it was, to date, I think like one of the largest gatherings that they’ve ever had. Maybe brought like something like six hundred people from all over the world together from many different realms—Dharma related, finance, city building, many things—because they had a big announcement to make. And it was that the King of Bhutan, King Fifth now in the current dynasty, has basically put all of his weight behind the construction of a million person city rooted in the mindfulness values of the country of Bhutan, which is kind of—I mean, if you’ve heard anything about Bhutan, you’ve heard about gross national happiness, right? This is their sustainable development philosophy. The term was coined by the previous king in like the seventies and then really fleshed out in concert with the UN and a bunch of organizations worldwide. It really matters to them, like at a core level, to develop their country in harmony with the abundant natural resources that they have in the Himalayas, with the abundant cultural legacy that they have there—still being an uncolonized indigenous population for four hundred years and coming into the modern world in a mindful way.

But so far, the efforts to develop the country on its own have not kept there from being a significant drain of young people in the younger generations of the Bhutanese. Ironically, according to the Prime Minister, he says GNH was too successful because we educated the young people and they have the intelligence, skills, and capabilities to work anywhere in the world. And so many of them are working elsewhere out of Bhutan because the income is better, the kind of quality of life that they can achieve with their skills is higher. And so the current king—whose pin I’m wearing, if folks are listening to this—Fifth King, he’s wearing his Raven crown. He’s the dragon king since some and wears the Raven crown.

Vince Horn: Seems like a lot cooler king than the one we have at the moment. But anyway, go ahead, dude. You’re telling me, man.

Stephen Torrence: I mean, if we’re gonna have a world of kings, like I’m with this guy.

Vince Horn: Oh, with the magic king?

Stephen Torrence: Yeah, he is. He’s quite a special human being. And his vision is basically like, okay, we’re a country of less than a million people, maybe seven hundred fifty thousand living in Bhutan these days, not shrinking yet, but certainly slowing in their growth and birth rate. If we’re gonna survive as a country, we have to provide the kind of place that our people want to live and the kind of place that other folks who are similarly inclined, who share the values of mindfulness and sustainability and all that, would also want to come and live and share in that with us.

And so he announced actually within the country, like two years ago, this initiative, but it was first announced to the world last year at this innovation forum where they really rolled out the master plan that was designed by this architecture firm out of Denmark, Ingles Group. It’s really a—I mean, when I saw the intro video, the renderings of this sweeping city in the southern, tropical region of Bhutan, it’s compelling, with these beautiful wooden structures and kind of infinite knot shapes and massive temples as the tallest structures in the city, and the way it’s interwoven with the landforms and the rivers and bridges that can be inhabited and are also hospitals and universities and stuff.

Vince Horn: It’s right. And like stupas built into like hydro, hydro energy, hydro dam energy production.

Stephen Torrence: That’s also a temple that you can also like climb the entire face of and is a rainbow. Like it’s kind of a Buddhist gee, I a fantasy.

Vince Horn: I mean, it’s like, it’s what dream is the more accurate terminology here.

Stephen Torrence: It is. Absolutely. Let’s be real, like this is, and you can hear it.

Vince Horn: You can hear it in your description.

Stephen Torrence: Oh yeah. It’s still, yeah. I’m just like, oh man, sign me up. So that was my first reaction to seeing this. I was literally struck, like my heart was struck like a wave. Like the vision, even before I saw it, like when Aaron told me about it in our call, I was just like, wait, what? There’s a king of a Buddhist country and he’s also putting like billions of dollars into building a city. It broke something in my kind of almost black-pilled brain, you know, thinking like, oh man, the world is just doomed and there’s nothing good happening anywhere on a state level. And then I find out about this and it’s like, oh, all right. Like I want to amplify this. And humanity.

And so yeah, I looked into the city. It’s in its very early stages. They’ve just broken ground on the airport, you know. They’re building a big—

Vince Horn: Right, like an international airport.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. A true international airport. If people don’t know, like Bhutan is small and it’s literally in the Himalayan Mountains. So like to come into Paro Airport, which is the main airport in Bhutan, you are like banking through valleys and like buzzing four hundred year old monasteries, you know, like a hundred meters off the wing. And pulling this crazy banking maneuver to come into this short runway.

Vince Horn: Whoa. And not all of the planes like it can actually land on the first try. If it’s too windy, they just pull up and fly back. They go for another—

Stephen Torrence: They’re just like, nope.

Vince Horn: Okay, okay. Yeah. Yeah. So not easy to get to.

Stephen Torrence: Not easy to get to. So they’ve got a city—the city is like the first step in the King’s vision to kind of make Bhutan more of a gateway to all of Asia and to create a special economic zone. You know, it’s not gonna be under the same laws as Bhutan. It’s gonna adopt kind of like Singaporean law and Abu Dhabi like economic law. And have like a hybrid of kind of like modern and traditional governance structure. It’s really gonna be its own thing.

Vince Horn: Right?

Stephen Torrence: And it’s massive. Like the total area is something like two thousand square kilometers. And not all of that will be developed, but that’s much of it—wildlife preserves. Right, it’s gonna be built out in phases, but there’s not really a right now. It’s the vision. It’s vision primarily, right? It’s a vision.

Vince Horn: Yeah. There are efforts in that direction, but.

Stephen Torrence: So as I was kind of looking at it from my background in tech and then obviously as a practitioner for a while—a little more on me. Like I listened to you thirteen years ago, maybe fourteen years ago, I’m not sure, like working in the startup scene, just beginning to sit zazen with my friends like once or twice a month or something. And I really didn’t know anything about anything. You know, y’all are talking about like stages and first path, second path, and I, all of it was new to me. But a few years after that, I actually sat for a Goenka retreat. You know, I’m one of the Goenka initiates. It’s not one of the many.

Yeah. Any, Ajahn. And it really struck me. I mean, the Dharma made more sense than anything else ever. And I just got obsessed and spent a few years living in Goenka centers and pursuing jhana practice through Ajahn Geoff, I read right. I listened to a lot of his stuff. And Shyalakshmi, you know, read her books, Leigh Brasington watched his talks. And mostly just put in the time, you know. I found that there was just something lit within me that was showing me what to do next. And if I just gave it space and time, it grew and that bore a lot of fruit. It eventually led me to Maple ‘cause I was looking for a place that integrated Dharma practice with relational practice. I also have a background in authentic relating and a practice called Circling. And Maple was practicing all these things together as an ecology of practices. And it really opened my eyes, I think at that point, to how whatever’s evolving in the Dharma space through us, as us, has to be done in community as well. It cannot be a solo journey, a bunch of lone wolf ronins, you know, meditating on their own, doing their own thing. And that has sort of, you know, my experience with cults has kind of shown me that there’s kind of a cap you can get to, you know, with how big these communities can be or how successful.

Mm. And the difference with Bhutan is like, this is a monarch who doesn’t have absolute power in Bhutan. They are a constitutional monarchy. So that’s a recent—

Vince Horn: Development too, isn’t it?

Stephen Torrence: It’s recent. His dad, in two thousand eight or nine, abdicated the throne to him at like twenty-six. He was like twenty-six years old. At the same time that the country transitioned to a democracy peacefully and had their first elections. There’s a really good film about this called “The Monk and the Gun.” If you’re curious to see kind of what that era was like for Bhutan, it’s actually a very strange thing to teach people to kind of take sides and vote for issues or people when they’re used to just trusting an enlightened monarch who makes good decisions for them.

Vince Horn: Yeah. My understanding was there’s a lot of pushback to him wanting to form this sort of democratic wing to the government. The people were like, no—

Stephen Torrence: They literally begged him to not do it. Yeah. Right. Like, we like you. But his reasoning was like, look, there could be a bad king someday. Like he was like, not today advance. Yeah. Not right now, but like someday, you know, my son, my grandson, my great-grandson could be not so great and I don’t want you—I want you to have another option. And so while they do have elections, the king still has a lot of sway and kind of a cachet within the country. And everybody listens to him. And so if he sets a vision, the country gets behind it, which is just amazing to me, you know, as an American, to have like actually reasonable ideas and visions, convey it to people, and everybody goes, yeah, that sounds great. Let’s do that. And then they just do it.

Vince Horn: You got a lot of ronins here still.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. Yeah. It’s like, whoa. People are in Bhutan showing up in the tens of thousands, you know, to clear bamboo in the south for this airport. And there’s this whole organization there. I am coming around to like why and how I eventually got involved in Bhutan. This organization called the Guardians of Peace, where they all wear like orange jumpsuits. It’s like an all-volunteer organization and people can join it and get like wilderness skills training, rescue operations training. They get a lot of physical skill, but also like camaraderie. They learn to plan and execute complex operations. That organization during COVID was expanded to include vocational training, because, you know, obviously Bhutan relies a lot on tourism that completely collapsed during COVID. And so the king, who funds this org, the Desu program, really expanded it to be like, hey, let’s use this downtime to get new skills to increase our capacities so that when the economy bounces back, we’re ready. And so they’ve continued to invite teachers from all over the world, experts in fields from culinary arts to ceramics to, in my case, generative AI, to come in and teach classes from one to three to six months. You know, these kids—you know, they’re mostly like younger people in upskilling programs.

Vince Horn: Okay.

Stephen Torrence: But not all. There were a couple of students in their forties, but generally younger people who are like underemployed, join these programs ‘cause they get to do them for free and they come away with more capacity. So, you know, I’m just saying for anybody out there who wants to do this, it’s a free ride into Bhutan, which is not insignificant on its own. This is a country that you have to pay a hundred dollars a day to be in because they want to dissuade the kind of degrading tourism, I guess that you could say, that a lot of countries have currently, including where I am right now in Indonesia. Yes. That kind of destroys the environment and its side effects, incentivizes locals to kind of do so, you know, to meet the demand, et cetera. Bhutan does not want to do that. So I think it’s really smart, but yeah. Yeah, it slows down growth too. So that’s the challenge.

Vince Horn: It does. Yeah.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. It has trade-offs. I, personally, really respect them for holding that pole in the world and valuing the sanctity of their natural environment and culture over, yes, economic growth. Right. It seems, but it does have this side effect that they are not developing yes, as best as they want.

Vince Horn: Right. Like when you look at development only in terms of like financial capital but in terms of, like you said, cultural and natural capital, they’re preserving that capital and not letting it get decimated by modernity, which is pretty cool.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. It’s incredible to be there and very unusual to feel the sincerity and the kind of density of the social capital that exists in Bhutan. It’s unlike anywhere I’ve ever been in the world. And you know, I gotta say, modernity is quite insidious. And so, you know, being there in Bhutan, I see the young folks recording TikTok dance videos in the square, you know, and right, many of them younger folks do not wear the national dress. You know, there’s a kind of standard attire that the men and the women wear—the gho and the kira—kind of in professional settings or in public offices. And you see a lot of the folks that are wearing that. The younger folks, not as much. They really like to buy Adidas and Nike. Modern global brands. The modern brands. Yeah. So that influence is there and it’s come through smartphones and TV. It’s decentralized. Bhutan just got the internet like twenty years ago. You know, they just got TV in like ninety-nine, two thousand, something like that. So it’s like the—

Vince Horn: Rip Van Winkle of countries, you know, in a way.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. There’s agrarian villages that are existing the same way they did three hundred years ago, and then going into town and using QR codes to make bank payments on their smartphones, you know? Right. Talk about leapfrogging. The whole range exists. Yeah. So the king is trying to strike this really delicate balance between growing and preserving. And Gelephu Mindfulness City seems like the best planned city that I’ve ever seen. I mean, we think of like New Sumara, you know, maybe, or like the lion, you know?

Vince Horn: So the lion, yeah. Neom. Yeah.

Stephen Torrence: No.

Vince Horn: No.

Stephen Torrence: And Saudi Arabia. Yeah. Neom.

Vince Horn: Uh, Neom.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. Even smaller projects like Prospera, um, that are trying to create special economic regions and do development in different ways.

Vince Horn: Futuristic cities.

Stephen Torrence: Cities, yeah. But this one I can’t think of anywhere else in the world where the country itself is so behind the project at kind of like all levels. There’s support for it, right? And it’s reasonable.

Vince Horn: Yeah. This is something that, I mean, it feels like a really important theme to me in the whole thing is like the conserving and adapting tension, you know?

Mm-hmm. Here, where I can remember when I first started doing Buddhist Geek, I was on the far end of the adaptation side of the equation where I was like, yeah, like super arrogant and just full of myself, unbundling everything. Yeah. Like, we’ve got the wisdom of Daniel Ingram. What else do we need, you know?

Vince Horn: Yeah. My first meditation teacher, you know, and so and then like later it’s like, okay, you know, not putting in some time engaging with traditions, getting older, you know, all these things seem to lead to appreciating the power of conservation and where it actually is wise. So when I ran into this project and the vision of it, I’m like, oh yeah. Like that’s what you need. You need some generative tension between the conservation drive and the adaptation drive. For yes, true innovation to occur. Like if there’s any real innovation that’s gonna come out of that generative tension, it’s not gonna come from just wholesale adopting modernity. You’re just gonna get more of what we already know about, which is modernity.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. And you know, I like look at this and I go, you know, hey, there are also genuine risks that modernity can take this over. I mean, it’s very good at doing that. Right. And kind of like co-opting almost any subversive thread or theme within it and somehow making it meet its own end. And so I’m really monitoring this project closely, you know, especially in those first few years. It’s sensitive to those kind of initial conditions. And so far what I’m seeing is it’s all set up like pretty well. I won’t personally say that I can claim to be like inside the project or close to it in any significant way. But like the smartest people in Bhutan are working in it or want to be working in it, from what I can tell. And there’s also like strategic partnerships being created with Singapore and Thailand and others, including Denmark, right? Like we’re trying to kind of where they’re trying to pull together like all of the people who are on this theme, right, anywhere in the world, to develop it there. And so me personally, like it attracts me because I have this deep background in technology. I, you know, was following crypto from an early, early time, which by the way, Bhutan has the world’s fourth largest reserves of Bitcoin in sovereign reserves. They’ve been mining Bitcoin with ASICs in little huts in the mountains next to hydropower for like over a decade. So right, they’ve been on this like technology stuff pretty early as well. It’s like they’re not really behind. What they don’t have currently is scale. You know, there’s just a very small AI development community there. Very, very small entrepreneurial community. And one way that they pitch the Gelephu Mindfulness City is like the world’s largest startup. Like and the king really is kind of setting that startup.

Vince Horn: Please.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. It’s the world’s largest startup, literally. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. I could talk a bit more about like my experience teaching generative AI in Bhutan. If you’re interested in that. I’m interested in where you wanna go, Vince.

Vince Horn: Yeah. I’m interested in that. And I guess something you were sharing earlier about the Bitcoin reminded me too of like one thing I wasn’t familiar with or aware of. I’d heard like you about the gross national happiness of Bhutan from like back in the nineties. But when I watched that sort of video on the mindfulness city, one thing I hadn’t realized is that Bhutan was like the only carbon positive country—carbon negative, carbon—negative, saying, thank you, carbon negative. Yeah. They

Stephen Torrence: sequester more carbon than they—yeah. Right.

Vince Horn: And they’ve got these beautiful—I mean, like a huge amount of the country is forested, so obviously you’ve got a lot of sequestration going on there. But then mm-hmm. On top of that, they’re not using a ton of energy. And like you said, they have hydro green energy. So you’ve got this sort of net effect of like they’re actually sequestering more carbon than they’re emitting. And like, I’m like, that’s actually pretty incredible, just by itself. I mean, I know it’s a small country and I know they’ve got all these natural resources. Yeah. But still, just the choice to not go that direction. I mean, that seems like something we should all be paying attention to in the developed world. Sure. Like, hey, wait, maybe they know something here that we don’t.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. And the knowing is so matter of fact in Bhutan. It’s like it’s not like some big insight that they carry, you know? It’s just to them it’s like, oh yeah, this is just what you do. And that’s the thing that I think is so precious and really worth preserving is like the ways that they don’t even know what they know. Or the ways that they don’t even know that they’re leading already. Right. And to really highlight that and reflect that to them. Yes. I encountered this a lot. You know, like the Bhutanese students that I was teaching there were just kind of like, it’s that whole thing of like, you don’t know what you got till it’s gone. You know, they’ve all got the Australian dream, you know, of like the grass is greener on the other side, and you know. Right. Everything will be better if I make a lot of money. Right. And I’m over here trying to be like y’all, no, let me tell you a story from experience. Yeah. Like, I left all that because it’s really not all. It’s—I was living the life, man, you know? Like I had it all there in Austin in like two thousand fourteen or so. Yeah. I was drinking beer and hanging out with all the cool tech people. Right. You know. And I was so deeply unhappy ‘cause I was like, it’s all just feeding this like world eating machine. Right. You know, there’s no meaning at the core of it. There’s no unifying story. So that’s yeah, that’s something that’s really there. There’s a unifying meaningful narrative that people are mostly aligned with and that the state is acting and acting into existence.

Vince Horn: Right. And I know we’re both fans of Ken Wilber’s work and I bring him into Buddhist Geek a lot. So hopefully those listening are as well. But you know, if you’re not, I mean he’s an integral philosopher and he talks about development, adult human development, which is still pretty uncommon ‘cause it seems like you’re sort of setting up these sort of hierarchies that are unhelpful potentially, or even repressive. But I think one thing that’s beautiful about his theory of development, you know, how he describes development is it’s a process of transcending the previous place that you were identified with that was less mature and then including it. ‘Cause you can’t like leave behind your inner child or whatever. You still have an inner child right as a forty-something year old adult or whatever.

Stephen Torrence: No, yeah. No, it’s the layers, the parts, you know, that are the ecology, the inner ecology yeah, is all there. It’s all still there.

Vince Horn: And I think what I find valuable about that way of looking, and also adding in the layer of problems can happen at every stage of development while you’re maturing, you can have some traumatic episode or something can go wrong. And if something doesn’t go wrong at that stage of development, say you’re at the socialized, tri, uh, mythological stage where you’re, you know, really becoming like have a shared mythology and there’s a sense of unity with your tribe or your ethnic group that has this shared belief, and you’re really integrated. And there isn’t this sort of like huge history of, I don’t know, religious warfare or whatever it is. And you just have this like really healthy expression of mythological unity at that level. I mean, that’s going to look a lot different than a culture who’s got all kinds of shadow stuff looped around there and who’s more developed, you know, but like, and then like America, hello.

Stephen Torrence: Maybe. Maybe, yeah. Like individualistically green, you know, and we’ve got, you know, everybody’s right. You know, every color’s good, you know, and everybody’s equal or whatever. The sort of hyper individualism of the green meme. There’s what’s interesting about this frame—I’ll riff with you on this—is the Bhutanese flag is orange and yellow. And in Spiral Dynamics, orange represents the state order, kinda law, the primacy of an orderly code that society orients itself to, kinda like rule of law basically. And yellow represents integral, right, like the first level of second tier, right? Which is teal in Ken Wilber’s model. The color of the king is yellow. And so most people don’t like wear a lot of yellow and when you see it, it means royalty, you know, it means like the monarchy. And I find that Bhutan really is in this—I like the term you used of kind of a generative tension between orange and yellow. It hasn’t really integrated a lot of the in-between, the green meme, the individualist level, and where because that level is the thing that drives people to leave the country. It’s kinda like, I’m going to seek my own happiness outside of what the meaningful project of the state, of the country, of the kingdom.

Vince Horn: Yeah. Like more individual individuation there.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. And yet from what I can tell there, there isn’t yet like a sufficient—and I’m obviously grossly oversimplifying here, but this is just like from my personal experience—there isn’t yet a sufficient saturation of integral development level thinkers or doers within Bhutan. You mostly have the kind of like legacy folks playing out the kind of hierarchical state structure, more traditional, you know, the traditional structures that have worked for a long time and doing very well at that. But it, you know, something like the King’s vision coming in and saying, we’re gonna do this, like mindfulness, which is very traditional—

Vince Horn: As well. ‘Cause he’s like a traditional authority in—

Stephen Torrence: In some ways. Yeah. But he, it’s like he’s doing an integral thing as a traditional figure. Right, right, which is a highly like integral move, to be able to—he’s also speaking to the kind of like individualist desire to have like material success, you know, and have a place that ideally many of the Bhutanese who’ve migrated to Australia or the Middle East or elsewhere would be excited to come back and bring their families to and live. And that people who are seeking kind of their individual mindfulness path would want to come and visit from all of the world and meet the Vajrayana tradition that’s so well preserved in Bhutan. So it’s really having this appeal on like a lot of levels, which is the reason why I’m like, it’s brilliant and like, I really hope that there is a kind of developmental unfolding that also occurs in parallel as the city is developed for many of the people who would be involved. ‘Cause the risk is that it becomes just another expression of the traditional or gets kind of like subsumed by the global individual hyper individual materialist projects. Right. They seem like the two most likely paths.

Vince Horn: It either doesn’t take off ‘cause it’s too traditional and it doesn’t open enough and free flowing enough for the world of commerce to come and kind of mm-hmm inoculate itself there or it inoculates itself too well, and it uh does what it does so well, you know, the capital, the world capitalist system of like extracting value and moving on.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah, exactly. Yeah. That’s a real—

Vince Horn: That’s a real challenge.

Stephen Torrence: It’s a huge challenge.

Stephen Torrence: It’s there. But um best case scenario though, Vince, like you said, like, hey, this is maybe my retirement plan, I think at one point to—yeah. I’m considering it among my retirement plans if they let me in, you know?

Vince Horn: Yeah. They might be like, I don’t think this guy’s gonna kind of take down the culture a little.

Stephen Torrence: No, no, I think you’d be very much welcome. Yeah. And like, well, thanks for welcoming. You know, we’re definitely the target audience for this. If you like civically take the city as like a product, we’re definitely the target market, right?

Vince Horn: Oh, for sure. Yeah. ‘Cause presumably you want people who are making connections there or moving there who understand that tension. Yeah. Who really do genuinely want to see Bhutanese Buddhism preserved and transmitted in its authentic nature. Um, yeah. While also knowing that like, oh yeah, like you can hold those values and focus on individual achievement or on innovation or things that could threaten the traditional mindset. Um, yeah. If it’s not held together with it, you know, and it’s not—they’re not in relationship to each other.

Stephen Torrence: Exactly. In a way, the kind of western entrepreneurial, you know, the modern tech entrepreneur, like ideal runs precisely counter to—right. Everything that Bhutan stands for.

Stephen Torrence: A hundred percent. You know, so it’s yeah, it’s very interesting to see them try to kind of bring those modes of being in. And I was literally in the room at—they had a Techstars, or what, maybe it was Startup Weekend. Sorry, Startup Weekend. Back in March. And I got to really feel how kind of what the Startup Weekend facilitators were inviting in as like a mindset. I could feel the Bhutanese kind of squirming and kind of looking at each other like, are we allowed to do that? Like, are we allowed to think these thoughts or take these actions? You know, it’s really opening kind of a permission that does run counter to many of the deeply held values there. And it’s also what the king is advocating for. He’s like, we need this too. And it really is a deep evolutionary project to kind of bring those opposites in and reconcile them somehow.

Vince Horn: That is the integral thing that you’re talking about. That is—

Stephen Torrence: The integral thing that is the transcendent include. But it’s a messy process. And not everyone is gonna succeed in that. And they’ll either—there are many failure modes to that. So the right, to bring it around, if there’s anything for us to do as Westerners interested in this project or wanting to support it, it’s to kind of like do our best to be holding that tension within ourselves or embodying whatever integration we’ve already achieved, you know, through our work. And really just like being a living demonstration of that possibility, like in relation to the country, you know, whether it’s teaching there or assisting with projects or whatever, is just kinda like show that like this is a future that is possible. This is a way of being that works. And I don’t think, you know, there is definitely a risk that you know, Western ideas can kind of colonize and take over. Right. I think there should be like really a tremendous amount of caution for anyone like going there and wanting, you know, ‘cause even with the best of intentions, you can just kind of like steamroll over like this natural evolutionary process. Try to make it go faster than it actually can. Right. Like a lot of that and just get frustrated in the process, burnout, leave. Yeah. You know, like I definitely saw some western expats there who were like in that phase of just like, man, I tried here and do stuff, and just like nothing happened, you know?

Vince Horn: Yeah. That makes sense. Yeah, no, I can see that. That’s a real risk, you know. You really want to be watching yourself for that happening.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah.

Vince Horn: Yeah. It’s almost—almost requires a certain amount of internal development is what I’m hearing. To be able to like totally relate to what’s emerging there in terms that would be resonant with what they’re trying to do because mm-hmm. You know, like, I’m not thinking here of Elon Musk recently, you know, just like a prime example of like how many years did he spend saying like, we shouldn’t build AI and we don’t wanna like raise the demon. And then suddenly he’s like, well, I guess I’m the best person to, you know, since we are raising the demon, I guess we’re doing this, so we’re doing this. So I guess I’ll be the one to do it better best. Right. Because I—because I trust my own coils too, baby.

Stephen Torrence: Right. It’s like it’s amazing. We are conditioned to like think that as individualists like we know better than everyone else. And here it’s like, no, there’s a lot of wisdom in the community and in our traditions that we can draw on and get support from. Rather than thinking like we know everything, you know. Our—

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. And at the same time, Vince, you know, the most integral comeback I can have is like, also appreciate what you know and the wisdom that you have. Sure. Know what you know, know what you don’t know, and bring that from a place of sobriety.

Vince Horn: But if you have a half trillion dollars, maybe do that especially. Yeah, yeah, yeah.

Stephen Torrence: Exactly. You should maybe practice, practice an hour for every billion you have or something like that. Right. And if you go over five hundred billion—

Vince Horn: Maybe you’re there’s no amount of practice is gonna help that. Maybe not.

Stephen Torrence: I want to believe Vince that there is that like, you know, almost like the philosopher king is possible, right? Or like the Ashoka like enlightened monarch leader. Right. You know, who’s compassionate but also firm, you know, and can—I mean, we have Buddhism today largely because of a very strong and to guess at times militaristic leader that existed in India. What was that? Mm-hmm. Sixteen hundred years ago. Eighteen hundred ago, right. With Ashoka. Yeah. And like I’m not saying that like King Fifth is Ashoka and is gonna like conquer Northern India and southern China or something. Like that’s not the ambition here, but right there—it’s almost a similar scale of conquering the space of the optimistic future where technology and mindfulness and care for the earth actually live in coherence and harmony. Right.

Vince Horn: Instead of greenwashing it, which is kind of yeah, a lot of what I hear now from projects that—exactly. Use those terms, that terminology.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah.

Vince Horn: Okay, cool. Well, um, maybe to make this even more concrete, so you spent some months in Bhutan working with folks in this program, which almost sounded a little like the Bhutanese AmeriCorps or something. There’s a kind of—oh, yeah. Quality of like contributing to your thing and getting skills through like kind of public program. Mm-hmm. Um, it sounds—mm-hmm. Sounds really cool. Like when, when you were working with this group of sounds like mostly younger folks, like what—I don’t know, what was that like, what did you observe? How did that inform your kind of view about the potential future of this vision?

Stephen Torrence: It, well, for me personally it was one of the hardest things I’ve ever done. Not quite as hard as my first ten day sit that I’ll still put up there. It’s like at the time, the hardest thing I’d ever done. But in terms of like a project and a doing in the world, this was—it was. I’ve lived most of the last ten years like not really working a nine to five job or having a commute, doing a lot of remote work. And this was literally a commute every morning. I was assembling lessons the morning before I went in and thinking about them at night after coming back and doing that five and a half days a week for two months. There were two month-long cohorts. And so it was you know, personally just a very intense, growthful time for me coming out of how much I’ve been focusing on practice. And I came into it with a lot of—I kind of front-loaded a lot of learning on my own about like the basics and generative AI text models, image models, video agents, and kind of like many different ways to onboard someone into these tools. But then also to incorporate every day an aspect of mindfulness. So like beginning and ending every class day with a short meditation or an embodiment exercise or having breaks where we do, you know, we just like massage each other’s shoulders or something, you know, or like run around the building like as much as possible, keeping us in our bodies while we’re flying off into the cyber realm.

Vince Horn: The techno, yeah. And what I—

Stephen Torrence: Yeah, yeah, ‘cause it’s very easy to just kind of get lost in the sparkle and the zest of generative AI. Even for the—

Vince Horn: Bhutanese, in your experience.

Stephen Torrence: Even for the Bhutanese. Oh yeah. It’s like it’s quite addictive once you start generating images and video. And I was really impressed with their—they were just—the stories would come out like these folks who had never, you know, made films or written stories before. They definitely had like stuff that they were working with in their relationships or you know, things that they’d seen in mythology that they wanted to tell stories about. And these tools were enabling them to do that in a really, you know, quick and beautiful way to kind of sketch out those and share them. You know, a lot of just straight up fun, you know, and just being silly. Like I was very permissive in the container to just kinda let it go a lot of directions, emphasizing collaboration, so getting them into teams and you know, learning how to work together with each other and assemble projects, you know, by a deadline. And a lot of the things that I assume would be good in a work environment. But uh, a lot of it was just for me, the humbling thing was there’s so much to this, and uh, take—I’ve taken for granted how much growing up with these technologies has is an advantage for those of us who’ve had this, and that, you know, any of that and potentially—

Vince Horn: Disadvantage in other ways, I guess.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. And and also a disadvantage. I don’t see the ways in which it really shapes my psyche at a deep level. And so this was a great mirror, you know, like to have to actually unpack these things and teach them was incredibly growthful for me. And through the teaching process, I was actually able to articulate a little bit. And I wrote an essay at the request of the editor of the national newspaper on what mindful AI could be. Um, what are some thoughts around that and how that could take shape. And to me, you know, ‘cause we obviously you’ve been covering this for a long time, the first wave of kind of like mindful tech was like the Muse headband, right? You know, and we had the conversation ads. Um, yeah. Uh, Chris Dancy, I think was his name on with the quantified self movement. Right. And you know, reflecting through biofeedback tools, you know, how we actually are. I really see with generative AI that it’s gotta go the exact opposite direction. AI requires that we bring a lot of mindfulness to the use of it. Right, right, that we are mindful of the—it will reflect and amplify a diluted mind as much as a wise one. Right, which—

Vince Horn: We’re seeing that with all the AI psychosis stuff.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah, exactly. The um, the proliferation of slop, et cetera. So it matters where you’re coming from and knowing your own values when you come in and approach the tool. It also requires a lot of discernment around the you know, what is actually happening in the tools, what are the limits of them, you know. Many people project like a sentient consciousness onto ChatGPT. It’s a probabilistic prediction engine. It is able to seem intelligent because it has gotten good at predicting what a human would do or what a human would say in a particular sequence of text or action. And we then anthropomorphize that, right? So there needs to be an awareness of how we’re projecting our consciousness onto it. And then an aspect that I kind of, I don’t know if I’d seen it anywhere else before this, but that I really like advocated for in my class and enforced and then recommend is transparency and disclosure when it comes to AI use. I think mm-hmm. Like most of us are using these tools, right, and not many of us are like disclosing when and how we’re using them, when and how right, with each other.

Vince Horn: Uhhuh. Right. It’s very, it’s very different to your point, to like take a transcription and have a verbatim, you know, like an AI tool do a verbatim polish of that content mm-hmm. Versus like rewrite it or like kind of reconceptualize what was said.

Stephen Torrence: Exactly. And like you said, there’s—

Vince Horn: Very little transparency, if any, around how people are using the tools.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. So what I had all of my students do with their projects is include a disclosure about which tools they used. That’s—

Vince Horn: Cool.

Stephen Torrence: And how and why. And even like percentages, you know, the amount of copy in this presentation is like seventy percent written by Gemini and like thirty percent human written. Or these, you know, all the image prompts were written by human or the image prompts were written by AI, you know, from an initial like idea, or we used Claude for brainstorming, you know, to create this. Yes. I think it, as we are grappling as a culture with like how this is actively changing our collective consciousness, before we can make moral judgements about like what is acceptable and not, we have to be aware of the ways in which the tools are actually being used. We have to disclose that to each other. Be honest and like reveal that information so that not to like shame each other. Right? Oh, you used AI, like it’s not a binary, right? It’s like, oh, okay. Now knowing that you used AI in that way, how do I, how am I morally impacted by that? Like if I’m in tune with my own body, my own sense, right? How do I relate to the content?

Vince Horn: Yeah. Am I actually okay with that? Where is my boundary with like how much I will accept from my friends or from a news outlet or whatever in their use? And really that so the disclosure is kind of a step toward having like a normative ethics around the use of these tools. Right, yeah. But you can’t have it. There’s no transparency, right? Yeah. You just—if you don’t know, then you get these kind of handed policies in universities of just like, no AI, use it all right? Or I guess everybody’s gonna use it, so you know. Right. They just kind of throw their hands up.

Stephen Torrence: Two extremes again.

Vince Horn: Right. Avoiding the two extremes, we walk them in a way of transparency and disclosure. Right.

Stephen Torrence: Exactly. Exactly. Yeah. Important and it is serious, important. Seriously considering this as policy. I was like shocked, you know, that they’re like, oh yeah, okay, yeah. That seems reasonable. That’s cool. Cool. I’m like, whoa. Okay, cool. That’s one—

Vince Horn: Benefit of being on the ground floor. Yeah. Being like you said, yeah. Impacting the initial conditions. Mm-hmm. Yeah, that seems really wise. And I don’t know, like my own exploration of AI as I’m building stuff with AI, you know, biofeedback coding. Mm-hmm. And then also including AI and tools that I’m building, I feel like there’s a clear ethic emerging for me where like, I’m not willing to create any tools that have AI in them that um, just generally, even without AI in them, that like they work by virtue of getting you to disengage with your relationships, more with other people or yourself. You know, where like humans are taken out of the loop and you’re given a way to rely on AI where you would have relied on other people prior.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. I feel like that’s really problematic because it’s like we’re liquidating a relational capital, social capital. Yeah. When we do that, and we’re giving it over to AI financial capital to a small number of companies.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. And I frankly, as much as I use these tools you know for my livelihood, I don’t trust the companies making them to handle everything in terms of alignment when they’re coming from a profit incentive. You know, like that’s—they’re not philosopher kings. Yeah. Right. Like as much as Sam Altman does like to position himself as such.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. I’ll be critical here, believe. Sure. I trust Anthropic the most. Maybe Google too, kind of like. I don’t trust OpenAI as much. I don’t know Dave Sequoia well enough, but I believe there are sincerely people within these organizations who care about alignment between human values of course and human person. And I see the—I see much like still like present the god in the god of disco coordination. Right? Or or yeah. Yeah. Kind of like the seeking greed above all else, you know? As like the protocol layer, right, you know, of how these companies are constructed. As Bhutan kind of like puts its eye toward developing an AI infrastructure, I was very, I was kind of advocating that like, hey y’all, y’all should probably like insource your like inference as much as you can, you know, like your core models, right? Yeah, it could train a model of your own you know, within the country. Mm-hmm. Run it on hydropower, you know, have not a massive data center, you know, like but it kinda like the Bitcoin thing, you know, have a bunch of modular connected and can do something homegrown intelligence and train it with your data and your values and maybe even make that available to the world. Like there’s I think there could open something really virtuous. Yeah. If about a Bhutanese model, you know.

Vince Horn: Wow. That would, that would probably be mind blowing, right? Like uh. I could imagine a future in which Bhutanese AI and Bhutanese culture does look way better than a lot of other more financially advanced countries. And then suddenly like they’re the innovator, kind of like you know, the Netherlands is the innovator that everyone looks to in terms of like figuring out how to keep, you know, keep oceans from swallowing them whole. Like, you go to the Bhutanese when you’re like, how do we preserve our culture in the face of like—

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. Uh, the metris, the—

Vince Horn: Technological, you know, metris.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. I sincerely hope so. I think they have a tremendous potential. The thing is with Bhutan is they’re in some ways kind of a tabula rasa, you know, like they can go a lot of different directions from the way they are now because they don’t have the kind of burden, the baggage, you know, of many decades or even multiple centuries of like industrial development and politics, right? Weighing them down. They don’t have those precedents. And so the king is getting to kinda like pick and choose the best stuff that exists in the world right now. And also to architect new like paradigms that haven’t existed before. Yes. And that’s the really exciting thing, I think, to be part of a project like this, even very tangentially, peripherally, is like we seem to be building the kind of human culture toward the kind of human culture that we really will work long term.

Stephen Torrence: And and will preserve the Dharma too like has it that at its core as well, right?

Vince Horn: Right? Like preserving human wisdom traditions. Yeah. Seems like a good idea. If there’s anything about, I’m using Dharma in a very broad sense. Yeah, no, I get what you’re saying. I get what you’re saying like that. But it’s like the core of human wisdom, you know, like mm-hmm. Yeah. There’s every tradition has Dharma, right?

Vince Horn: Yeah. Cool. Okay. This is great, Steven. I appreciate you sharing. I’m as I listen to us talk, I realize like the thing I’m concerned might not come through is this sort of practical, hard-nosed sort of. I think we’ve touched on it, but I guess I’ll be the grump here and just say ‘cause I haven’t gone to Bhutan, you know? Yeah. You know, but I, I, it’s like I wanna acknowledge that as well. Like and you’ve said it a number of times, but to really emphasize it, like this isn’t like a small thing. Trying to scale up a modern economic zone while maintaining Buddhist traditional Buddhist values in the middle of the Himalayas. Um, with India to your south and China to your north, like two massive powers you know, right there. Yeah. At odds at your doorstep. Um mm-hmm. So like, yeah. Given all of that, I mean, it would be amazing if this project I think happens at all, um mm-hmm. You know, if it materializes in the way that it the vision is currently. So I guess I just wanna acknowledge that you know, like not to be too idealistic but, but at the same time mm-hmm. I guess we—I, it seems like we do need to have visions that we can get excited by and try to contribute to that are positive you know, the best we can with as much information as we have.

Stephen Torrence: Totally. I mean, you’re a father, right? Like there’s some way in which like you have to be kind of like crazy to have kids you know? Like there’s you you’re you can’t avoid messing them up in some way. Right. You go in with the best of intentions to be the best parent you can. Right? And you uh like hold the kind of like. Maybe put it in your own words like you know how do you sort of hold the vision of who they can grow into the potential in light of the fact that you know there are going to be challenges for them growing up and developing in this world?

Vince Horn: Yeah, I mean, I’m thinking here like if the father is the king fifth, you know, in a sense, you know, like that analogy holds, yeah. I mean it’s sort of a process I guess of a parent. It’s like sort of figuring out where your kid hasn’t yet figured out how to exercise their agency well and to sort of support them. And then mm-hmm. Where it seems like they’re on the edge of being able to do that, to let go. It’s like kinda letting go of the bike while they’re learning to ride. You have to allow whatever the momentum to develop itself. But until then mm-hmm. You do have to be engaged and kind of be like, no, you do have to go to school. You know? Mm-hmm. You can’t just stay home today because you don’t feel like it, you know? If you have a fever and you’re sick and you’re vomiting, that’s one thing. Yeah. I don’t know. It’s something there. It’s like, how do I lend my agency where it’s not yet present for itself by itself and then when do I let release agency when it’s developing so that I can allow that to develop?

Stephen Torrence: And like what I hear there is you’re embodying and exercising a really deep faith and love—faith in them and who they are and who they will be, and a love that is tuned to the condition that they need at any particular time. And I see like the city project as being very much that. Like the king is stewarding it, but he’s not the only one. And you know, everyone building it is making some contribution to what it is becoming. And so I think it behooves everyone who’s building the world in general right now, and especially this very bright part of the world, in my opinion, to be in a really deep attunement both with themselves you know, and their and your own unfolding internally. As we mentioned before, but also with like really what’s needed you know, at any given time. And uh that is changing and evolving. But I see him sort of holding a visionary leadership in some ways for all of humanity and it’s really and it’s interesting ‘cause if if you haven’t ever seen King Fifth um didn’t even know his name was King Fifth. Well I can’t pronounce his full name but uh he kinda leans into the Elvis look a little bit like he’s got kind of the—I’ve—

Vince Horn: Seen him, yeah.

Stephen Torrence: The big black hair and the long sideburn. Yeah, that’s true. That’s true. So it’s somehow crawl back to like you know, king of rock and roll. He seems, he seems a little bit like you have been dragon pilled, folks. You know, counterculture. Yeah, I’ve been dragon pilled. Yeah. I haven’t met him yet, but yeah. Maybe someday we’ll see. Well, they’ll probably will soon. It’s not a huge country. He—I can’t think currently of any other like head of state, you know, or world leader. And maybe I’m just like too American or something. But who kind of embodies like an optimistic futurism to the same extent that he does, especially a male leader. And I, you know, as an American male myself, have been pretty disillusioned with the leadership in America, especially the male leadership over the last couple of decades. And I’m looking for role models and I think it’s important for humanity to have not just like kind of abstract, you know, ideals like solarpunk or you know, Afrofuturism or even integral, you know? Right. They need the kind of like theoretical. You need the embodiments and role models. You need the embodiments of those as well, those acting in the world.

Vince Horn: Like Greta Thunberg is an embodiment.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. Greta Thunberg, a great example. She’s just like doing the thing as her. But also from the kind of transcend and include.

Stephen Torrence: Agreed. So yeah. I include him in kind of a pantheon of my own role models that I visualize. And you know, I want to emulate the qualities that they embody that are good.

Vince Horn: Yeah. Cool. Well, you got the pin on, man. So you’re doing—now I got a pin on you and you’re doing the thing, you’re walking the talk as well. I mean, it’s—you didn’t mention this, but I mean, it’s a personal sacrifice too. To go to another country. And I presume, you know, I presume you’re paid, but I doubt you’re paid well. And—

Vince Horn: Oh.

Stephen Torrence: I would say I was paid. I was paid just right. I made back the cost of my—you didn’t go there to make a lot of money.

Vince Horn: I was saying like, there’s sacrifice that you’re making to contribute to this vision. And I think that’s noble and cool. And why I wanted to talk to you about it, because you got skin in the game.

Stephen Torrence: And I would really encourage like anyone listening to this, like it was so easy. Like you really go to the—I think it’s gmc.bt. BT is Bhutan’s like top level domain. We can put a link in the show notes if you do that. And just look at the list of subject areas that they need. There’s like fifty different subjects that they’re open to experts coming in and teaching on. And I was honestly given like a lot of leeway, a lot of freedom in how I structured the curriculum and the classroom and everything. And that is one of the best ways that you can contribute to this project and get involved is just to go there and spend a month or three, you know, living in the culture, really encountering it, teaching, offering what you have, and being humble to be taught and shaped as well yourself and impacted maybe for the rest of your life. I’m hoping to go back there. You know, there’s certainly a demand for AI education in Bhutan. Even beyond the Desu program. Leaders in government and business are wanting to integrate these tools into their lives and work. And so, you know, if you wanna teach AI, go for it. I can’t be the only person, you know. I can only do so much. But if you wanna teach other stuff too that feels aligned, like just do it. It’s just a really cool place.

Vince Horn: Great. Thank you. Thanks Stephen. Thanks for sharing.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah.

Vince Horn: Great to be with you today.

Stephen Torrence: Yeah. Thanks Vince. It’s uh it’s a real honor to be on the show, man. And uh you know I just respect so much the way you’ve you know been such a bodhisattva through this project and you’ve certainly influenced my path and the past of many others. You know it’s a it’s we encourage each other in this process. So I hope no doubt I have drawn encouragement and I hope you have drawn some too.

Vince Horn: Absolutely. One hundred percent. Yeah. Thank you.