The Lesser Key Of Solomon Goetia

The Lesser Key of Solomon is an anonymous grimoire compiling earlier magical material—most notably the Goetia, which lists 72 spirits—and ritual instructions for evocation and control of spirits.

Its materials derive from the Greek magical papyri and other medieval sources, and its transmission through Renaissance and early-modern Europe shaped later ceremonial magic.

Chapman highlights a 'preliminary invocation' attached to it that Crowley used as a central formula for invoking the Holy Guardian Angel, illustrating how grimoire and Golden Dawn influences converged in Crowley’s practice.