Novum Testamentum Graece

Novum Testamentum Graece, commonly referred to as the Nestle–Aland edition, is the leading critical text of the Greek New Testament used by scholars and translators worldwide.

Initially produced by Eberhard Nestle and later extensively revised and expanded by Kurt Aland and his collaborators, the edition aggregates readings from a wide range of Greek manuscripts, versions, and patristic citations, presenting a critical apparatus documenting textual variants.

Regularly updated (now in multiple editions), it reflects ongoing manuscript discoveries and scholarly consensus about the most likely original readings.

This edition undergirds most modern Bible translations and is essential for textual criticism, enabling translators to evaluate variant readings and make informed choices.

Its apparatus is a fundamental tool for academic study of the New Testament text and its transmission history.