The Paris Commune / Civil War in France (preface and related writings)

Marx's analysis of the Paris Commune, primarily in The Civil War in France and related prefaces, treats the Commune as the first example of the proletariat attempting to smash the bourgeois state machine and replace it with directly accountable, revocable officials and the armed people.

Marx extracts concrete measures—abolishing standing armies, elected officials with recall, and pay at worker levels—as practical steps for proletarian democracy.

These writings heavily influenced later Marxist revolutionary strategy and Lenin's State and Revolution.