The Escalation Trap

Robert Pape's 'The Escalation Trap' is the name of his Substack and analytic framework that examines how modern precision bombing campaigns can draw attackers and defenders into escalating cycles.

Pape uses historical case studies and contemporary analysis to describe stages of escalation, the illusion of control provided by precision weapons, and the political consequences of air campaigns.

The work aims to inform policymakers about the limits of airpower and the risks of negative-sum outcomes when bombing fails to achieve strategic objectives.

It serves as a running commentary and research outlet where Pape updates analysis on ongoing conflicts and the dynamics that lead to entrapment.