All Can Be Saved

Stuart Schwartz's work challenges narrow readings of early modern Iberian religiosity by uncovering widespread skeptical and inclusive attitudes among ordinary people.

He analyzes how popular beliefs and practices often diverged from elite theological prescriptions, revealing a more complex religious landscape.

By examining inquisition records and other sources, Schwartz shows that many laypeople held views that undercut strict clerical dogma, suggesting resilience of pluralistic beliefs.

His findings have implications for understanding how official religious norms were negotiated and adapted at the grassroots level.

The book has been influential in debates about the gap between doctrinal law and lived religion.